When you clone a drive you are not necessarily making it an active primary. A number of the installed programs may run still but it has not seen a full install of the XP with it's updated hardware detection and master boot record. You could try using the fixboot and fixmbr commands at the recovery console to see if that helps. But you are mostly ilkely going to need at least a repair install to get Windows running on the new drive.
http://www.michaelstevenstech.com/XPrepairinstall.htm You will probably be forced to delete the current installation to actually see Windows running though.