I wouldn't call my CPU + mobo "beast" any more

. Here's to saving for upgrades.
For why it takes longer on larger maps:
If you leave the neutral factions on, they too have turns, which is, on the very big maps, including the other teams, maybe 20+ factions to have turns.
You then have to calculate everything that happens for every city, every unit, every resource and all of the random crap that can happen. As you progress further, 20 factions, 8 (if I remember correctly, that is how many are in big games) with maybe 10-20 cities, that is 100+ cities, maybe even 200+, with a hell of a lot more units, which is a lot of processing to say the least.
Early in the game, you have maybe 3-4 small cities with only a few units per faction, the same load required for a small game in the late stages, or a medium sized game in the mid-late stages.
when it gets to the point that it seems I am spending longer waiting for turns than I am on my own civilization, I scrap the game and start anew, it isn't worth it, at that point it isn't a game any more, because you are spending longer sat around watching a cursor go around than you do using the software as the game it was meant to be