Is it doing that for
all file types or just for a certain file type?
And what do you mean by the large "file association thumbnails"??? Do you mean thumbnails or tiles or icons??? Or is the problem with all of them?
Anyway, it sounds like you might need to rebuild your icon cache. For XP you can use Tweak UI (powertoy from Microsoft).
See here. However, you might end up with xp's default icons all over (I'm not sure). That would mean you would have to install your icon package again with whatever program you did it the first time.
But now, if the problem is simply that you cannot see thumbnails, then you might be missing this registry key
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{3F30C968-480A-4C6C-862D-EFC0897BB84B}
To fix that, try registering "shimgvw.dll" by clicking on Start, then Run:
regsvr32 %windir%\system32\shimgvw.dll
Let me know if any of this fixed it. Maybe someone else has another suggestion.