dragon2309
P.I Dragon
Hi guys, i am just about to start my A-Level Computing course and i need to be able to write fluent C and C++ code. Any tips on where to get a good guide or even the basics.
Thanks, dragon2309
Thanks, dragon2309
Need to learn C++
- Thread starter dragon2309
- Start date
dragon2309
P.I Dragon
I had a quick peek at a couple of test sheets and it looks bloody confusing, completely different to the good ol' HTML and JAVA.
houssam_ballout
New Member
u have to start with small tutorials that will direct u to the basic of C++, and let u know the baic syntax in C++, also by enabling u create sample executables.
dragon2309
P.I Dragon
Im finding it difficult to find any really basic tutorials, all i can find is fairly advanced ones, im a complete newbie at C++ and C. I really need to start at the very beginning. Does anyone have a code sample of something they have made, even if its just something that opens up an applet and siplays a message, from there i can improvise and learn?
houssam_ballout
New Member
I have some codes but most of them are in Java, but I have some in C++, including E-BOoks , so I could submit it 2 u!.
anyway, it is a peace of cake to learn a new programming language if u have some idea about programming in general, all in all , u must have a logic mind.
right?!
anyway, it is a peace of cake to learn a new programming language if u have some idea about programming in general, all in all , u must have a logic mind.
right?!
dragon2309
P.I Dragon
Yeh, i suppose thats true. Any chance of seeing the C++ ones???
houssam_ballout
New Member
Walkthrough: Switching Windows Forms Menu Structures Based on Application State
It is possible to have many MainMenu objects, each of which presents different menu choices to the user. By having a number of MainMenu objects to present the correct menu structure to the user, you can handle the varying states of your application as users interact with it.
In this procedure, you will create a menu structure for when the application first opens and there is no file or data for the user to interact with. Thus, the application will have only a traditional File menu with New, Open, and Exit commands. When the user selects either the New or Open menu item, it triggers a change in application state (for demonstration purposes in the following example, a message box is shown as a visual aid; no actual files are opened or created). At this point, a second menu structure is shown, with additional menu items (Close and Save) that target an application that has data or a file loaded.
Creating a Menu at Design Time
In the following steps, you will design a Windows application, in the Windows Forms Designer, that switches menu structures.
To create a menu at design time
1. Drag a MainMenu component from the Toolbox to the form.
2. In the Menu Designer, create a top-level menu item with the Text property set to &File, and three submenu items with the Text properties set to &New, &Open, and E&xit, in that order. For details, see Adding Menus and Menu Items to Windows Forms.
3. In the Windows Forms Designer, click the form (Form1.vb, Form1.cs, or Form1.h) to give it focus. In the Properties window, ensure that the Menu property is set to the menu you have just created (MainMenu1 in Visual Basic or mainMenu1 in Visual C# or Visual C++, unless you have given it a unique name).
To hook up the events
1. Create a multicast event handler called MenuSelect for the New and Open menu items. You need to add references to the event handler in the form initialization function for Visual C# or Visual C++.
2. // C#
3. menuItem2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.MenuSelect);
4. menuItem3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.MenuSelect);
5.
6. // C++
7. menuItem2->Click += new System::EventHandler(this, MenuSelect);
menuItem3->Click += new System::EventHandler(this, MenuSelect);
This is a multicast event handler because it will handle the Click events for both menu items. For details, see Connecting Multiple Events to a Single Event Handler in Windows Forms.
8. Enter the following code in the MenuSelect event handler:
9. ' Visual Basic
10. Private Sub MenuSelect(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MenuItem2.Click, MenuItem3.Click
11. MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.", "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.")
12. LoadSecondMenu()
13. End Sub
14.
15. // C#
16. private void MenuSelect(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
17. {
18. MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.",
19. "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
20. LoadSecondMenu();
21. }
22.
23. // C++
24. private:
25. System::Void MenuSelect(System::Object * sender,
26. System::EventArgs * e)
27. {
28. MessageBox::Show("A file has been opened.",
29. "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
30. LoadSecondMenu();
}
Note LoadSecondMenu will be a procedure you write to switch the menu when either of the menu items (New or Open) is clicked.
31. In the Code Editor, create a method, similar to the following, to set the form's menu to the second MainMenu component you created:
32. ' Visual Basic
33. Private Sub LoadSecondMenu()
34. Me.Menu = MainMenu2
35. End Sub
36.
37. // C#
38. private void LoadSecondMenu(){
39. this.Menu = mainMenu2;
40. }
41.
42. // C++
43. private:
44. System::Void LoadSecondMenu()
45. {
46. this->Menu = mainMenu2;
}
Note MainMenu2 refers to a MainMenu component that you add to the form later on.
To copy the menus for the second set
1. In Solution Explorer, right-click the form name and choose View Designer on the shortcut menu.
2. In the component tray, click the icon for the MainMenu component, so that it has focus in the form.
3. In the Menu Designer, click the top-level menu item you created (File). Right-click and choose Copy.
Note This makes a copy of the top-level menu item and all of its submenu items.
4. Drag another MainMenu component from the Toolbox to the form.
5. In the Menu Designer, right-click the "Type Here" area and choose Paste.
The menu items you previously selected from the first MainMenu component are pasted into the second.
6. In the Menu Designer, right-click the area to the left of the Exit menu item and choose Insert New. Do this again, so that you have inserted two new menu items.
7. Set the Text property of these two new menu items to &Close and &Save, in that order, either in the Properties window or by clicking the item and typing in the space provided.
To test the application
• Debug the application and press F5 to run it. For details about debugging, see Debugging Basics.
The form has a menu that contains File, New, Open, and Exit menu items. Clicking New or Open raises an event, which is handled by the MenuSelect event handler. This method shows a message box and changes the application state. The application state change is indicated by the addition of two menu items, Close and Save.
Instead of using the above procedure, you can create the entire application in code. While this forgoes the ease of using the Windows Forms Designer, some developers may find this method more appealing.
Creating a Menu Programmatically
In the following steps, you will design a Windows application, the same as the one above, exclusively in code that switches menu structures.
To create a menu programmatically
• In a method, create an instance of the MainMenu component with MenuItem objects corresponding to the application state.
The following example has one MainMenu object for when the user first opens the application; it has only a traditional File menu with New, Open, and Exit commands. Additionally, the code below uses an overloaded Add method that creates menu items and associated event handlers with them. Wiring event handlers dynamically is an easy way to signal to the application that clicking either the New or Open menu command should trigger a change in the application state.
' Visual Basic
' Create a MainMenu object and a MenuItem object.
Private mmAppStart as MainMenu
Private miFile as MenuItem
Public Sub AppStartMenu()
' Create an instance of the MainMenu object.
mmAppStart = new MainMenu
' Create a top-level menu item and two menu items. Use this
' overloaded constructor that takes an event handler
' (MenuSelect) so that later, you can cause the menu selection
' to change the application state.
miFile = New MenuItem("&File", New System.EventHandler (AddressOf Me.MenuSelect))
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&New", New System.EventHandler (AddressOf Me.MenuSelect))
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Open", New System.EventHandler (AddressOf Me.MenuSelect))
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Exit")
' Add the top-level menu item to the MainMenu component
' and set the MainMenu component to be the form's menu.
mmAppStart.MenuItems.Add(miFile)
' Set the form's menu to the menu you have just created.
Me.Menu = mmAppStart
End Sub
// C#
// Create a MainMenu object and a MenuItem object.
MainMenu mmAppStart;
MenuItem miFile;
public void AppStartMenu(){
// Create an instance of the MainMenu object.
mmAppStart = new MainMenu();
// Create a top-level menu item and two menu items. Use this
// overloaded constructor that takes an event handler
// (MenuSelect) so that later, you can cause the menu selection
// to change the application state.
miFile = new MenuItem("&File", new EventHandler(MenuSelect));
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&New", new EventHandler(MenuSelect));
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Open", new EventHandler(MenuSelect));
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Exit");
// Add the top-level menu item to the MainMenu component
// and set the MainMenu component to be the form's menu.
mmAppStart.MenuItems.Add(miFile);
// Set the form's menu to the menu you have just created.
this.Menu = mmAppStart;
}
// C++
// Create a MainMenu object and a MenuItem object.
private: System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu * mmAppStart;
private: System::Windows::Forms::MenuItem * miFile;
private:
void AppStartMenu()
{
// Create an instance of the MainMenu object.
mmAppStart = new System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu();
// Create a top-level menu item and two menu items. Use this
// overloaded constructor that takes an event handler
// (MenuSelect) so that later, you can cause the menu selection
// to change the application state.
miFile = new MenuItem(S"&File",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
miFile->MenuItems->Add(S"&New",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
miFile->MenuItems->Add(S"&Open",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
miFile->MenuItems->Add(S"&Exit",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
// Add the top-level menu item to the MainMenu component
// and set the MainMenu component to be the form's menu.
mmAppStart->MenuItems->Add(miFile);
// Set the form's menu to the menu you have just created.
this->Menu = mmAppStart;
}
It is possible to have many MainMenu objects, each of which presents different menu choices to the user. By having a number of MainMenu objects to present the correct menu structure to the user, you can handle the varying states of your application as users interact with it.
In this procedure, you will create a menu structure for when the application first opens and there is no file or data for the user to interact with. Thus, the application will have only a traditional File menu with New, Open, and Exit commands. When the user selects either the New or Open menu item, it triggers a change in application state (for demonstration purposes in the following example, a message box is shown as a visual aid; no actual files are opened or created). At this point, a second menu structure is shown, with additional menu items (Close and Save) that target an application that has data or a file loaded.
Creating a Menu at Design Time
In the following steps, you will design a Windows application, in the Windows Forms Designer, that switches menu structures.
To create a menu at design time
1. Drag a MainMenu component from the Toolbox to the form.
2. In the Menu Designer, create a top-level menu item with the Text property set to &File, and three submenu items with the Text properties set to &New, &Open, and E&xit, in that order. For details, see Adding Menus and Menu Items to Windows Forms.
3. In the Windows Forms Designer, click the form (Form1.vb, Form1.cs, or Form1.h) to give it focus. In the Properties window, ensure that the Menu property is set to the menu you have just created (MainMenu1 in Visual Basic or mainMenu1 in Visual C# or Visual C++, unless you have given it a unique name).
To hook up the events
1. Create a multicast event handler called MenuSelect for the New and Open menu items. You need to add references to the event handler in the form initialization function for Visual C# or Visual C++.
2. // C#
3. menuItem2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.MenuSelect);
4. menuItem3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.MenuSelect);
5.
6. // C++
7. menuItem2->Click += new System::EventHandler(this, MenuSelect);
menuItem3->Click += new System::EventHandler(this, MenuSelect);
This is a multicast event handler because it will handle the Click events for both menu items. For details, see Connecting Multiple Events to a Single Event Handler in Windows Forms.
8. Enter the following code in the MenuSelect event handler:
9. ' Visual Basic
10. Private Sub MenuSelect(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MenuItem2.Click, MenuItem3.Click
11. MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.", "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.")
12. LoadSecondMenu()
13. End Sub
14.
15. // C#
16. private void MenuSelect(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
17. {
18. MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.",
19. "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
20. LoadSecondMenu();
21. }
22.
23. // C++
24. private:
25. System::Void MenuSelect(System::Object * sender,
26. System::EventArgs * e)
27. {
28. MessageBox::Show("A file has been opened.",
29. "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
30. LoadSecondMenu();
}
Note LoadSecondMenu will be a procedure you write to switch the menu when either of the menu items (New or Open) is clicked.
31. In the Code Editor, create a method, similar to the following, to set the form's menu to the second MainMenu component you created:
32. ' Visual Basic
33. Private Sub LoadSecondMenu()
34. Me.Menu = MainMenu2
35. End Sub
36.
37. // C#
38. private void LoadSecondMenu(){
39. this.Menu = mainMenu2;
40. }
41.
42. // C++
43. private:
44. System::Void LoadSecondMenu()
45. {
46. this->Menu = mainMenu2;
}
Note MainMenu2 refers to a MainMenu component that you add to the form later on.
To copy the menus for the second set
1. In Solution Explorer, right-click the form name and choose View Designer on the shortcut menu.
2. In the component tray, click the icon for the MainMenu component, so that it has focus in the form.
3. In the Menu Designer, click the top-level menu item you created (File). Right-click and choose Copy.
Note This makes a copy of the top-level menu item and all of its submenu items.
4. Drag another MainMenu component from the Toolbox to the form.
5. In the Menu Designer, right-click the "Type Here" area and choose Paste.
The menu items you previously selected from the first MainMenu component are pasted into the second.
6. In the Menu Designer, right-click the area to the left of the Exit menu item and choose Insert New. Do this again, so that you have inserted two new menu items.
7. Set the Text property of these two new menu items to &Close and &Save, in that order, either in the Properties window or by clicking the item and typing in the space provided.
To test the application
• Debug the application and press F5 to run it. For details about debugging, see Debugging Basics.
The form has a menu that contains File, New, Open, and Exit menu items. Clicking New or Open raises an event, which is handled by the MenuSelect event handler. This method shows a message box and changes the application state. The application state change is indicated by the addition of two menu items, Close and Save.
Instead of using the above procedure, you can create the entire application in code. While this forgoes the ease of using the Windows Forms Designer, some developers may find this method more appealing.
Creating a Menu Programmatically
In the following steps, you will design a Windows application, the same as the one above, exclusively in code that switches menu structures.
To create a menu programmatically
• In a method, create an instance of the MainMenu component with MenuItem objects corresponding to the application state.
The following example has one MainMenu object for when the user first opens the application; it has only a traditional File menu with New, Open, and Exit commands. Additionally, the code below uses an overloaded Add method that creates menu items and associated event handlers with them. Wiring event handlers dynamically is an easy way to signal to the application that clicking either the New or Open menu command should trigger a change in the application state.
' Visual Basic
' Create a MainMenu object and a MenuItem object.
Private mmAppStart as MainMenu
Private miFile as MenuItem
Public Sub AppStartMenu()
' Create an instance of the MainMenu object.
mmAppStart = new MainMenu
' Create a top-level menu item and two menu items. Use this
' overloaded constructor that takes an event handler
' (MenuSelect) so that later, you can cause the menu selection
' to change the application state.
miFile = New MenuItem("&File", New System.EventHandler (AddressOf Me.MenuSelect))
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&New", New System.EventHandler (AddressOf Me.MenuSelect))
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Open", New System.EventHandler (AddressOf Me.MenuSelect))
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Exit")
' Add the top-level menu item to the MainMenu component
' and set the MainMenu component to be the form's menu.
mmAppStart.MenuItems.Add(miFile)
' Set the form's menu to the menu you have just created.
Me.Menu = mmAppStart
End Sub
// C#
// Create a MainMenu object and a MenuItem object.
MainMenu mmAppStart;
MenuItem miFile;
public void AppStartMenu(){
// Create an instance of the MainMenu object.
mmAppStart = new MainMenu();
// Create a top-level menu item and two menu items. Use this
// overloaded constructor that takes an event handler
// (MenuSelect) so that later, you can cause the menu selection
// to change the application state.
miFile = new MenuItem("&File", new EventHandler(MenuSelect));
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&New", new EventHandler(MenuSelect));
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Open", new EventHandler(MenuSelect));
miFile.MenuItems.Add("&Exit");
// Add the top-level menu item to the MainMenu component
// and set the MainMenu component to be the form's menu.
mmAppStart.MenuItems.Add(miFile);
// Set the form's menu to the menu you have just created.
this.Menu = mmAppStart;
}
// C++
// Create a MainMenu object and a MenuItem object.
private: System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu * mmAppStart;
private: System::Windows::Forms::MenuItem * miFile;
private:
void AppStartMenu()
{
// Create an instance of the MainMenu object.
mmAppStart = new System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu();
// Create a top-level menu item and two menu items. Use this
// overloaded constructor that takes an event handler
// (MenuSelect) so that later, you can cause the menu selection
// to change the application state.
miFile = new MenuItem(S"&File",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
miFile->MenuItems->Add(S"&New",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
miFile->MenuItems->Add(S"&Open",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
miFile->MenuItems->Add(S"&Exit",
new EventHandler(this, MenuSelect));
// Add the top-level menu item to the MainMenu component
// and set the MainMenu component to be the form's menu.
mmAppStart->MenuItems->Add(miFile);
// Set the form's menu to the menu you have just created.
this->Menu = mmAppStart;
}
houssam_ballout
New Member
To test the application
• Debug the application and press F5 to run it. For details about debugging, see Debugging Basics.
The form has a menu that contains File, New, Open, and Exit menu items. Clicking New or Open raises an event, which is handled by the MenuSelect event handler. This method shows a MessageBox and changes the application state. The application state change is indicated by the addition of two menu items, Close and Save.
From the Microsoft site.
To create the second set of menus
1. In a second method, create a second instance of a MainMenu component with MenuItems that correspond to a second application state.
For example, after the user has opened a file, you can expose commands to close it and save it. You can copy the original menu structure to use as a base for this menu structure, and to preserve the File, New, Open, and Exit menu items. For details, see Copying Items on Windows Forms Menus.
' Visual Basic
' Create the second MainMain object.
Private mmFileLoadedMenu As MainMenu
Public Sub FileLoadedMenu()
mmFileLoadedMenu = New MainMenu()
' Clone the first menu with the CloneMenu method.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems.Add(miFile.CloneMenu())
' Create two additional menu items related to the
' application state.
Dim mnuitemClose As New MenuItem("&Close")
Dim mnuitemSave As New MenuItem("&Save")
' Add the two new menu items to the MenuItems collection of the
' top-level menu item cloned above, using the Add method to
' specify their order within the collection by their index.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems(0).MenuItems.Add((2), mnuitemClose)
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems(0).MenuItems.Add((3), mnuitemSave)
' Assign the newly-created MainMenu object to the form.
Me.Menu = mmFileLoadedMenu
End Sub
// C#
// Create the second MainMain object.
private MainMenu mmFileLoadedMenu;
private void FileLoadedMenu(){
mmFileLoadedMenu = new MainMenu();
// Clone the first menu with the CloneMenu method.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems.Add(miFile.CloneMenu());
// Create two additional menu items related to the
// application state.
MenuItem mnuitemClose = new MenuItem("&Close");
MenuItem mnuitemSave = new MenuItem("&Save");
// Add the two new menu items to the MenuItems collection of the
// top-level menu item cloned above, using the Add method to
// specify their order within the collection by their index.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems[0].MenuItems.Add(2, mnuitemClose);
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems[0].MenuItems.Add(3, mnuitemSave);
// Assign the newly-created MainMenu object to the form.
Menu = mmFileLoadedMenu;
}
// C++
// Create the second MainMenu object.
private: System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu * mmFileLoadedMenu;
private:
System::Void FileLoadedMenu()
{
mmFileLoadedMenu = new System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu();
// Clone the first menu with the CloneMenu method.
mmFileLoadedMenu->MenuItems->Add(miFile->CloneMenu());
// Create two additional menu items related to the
// application state.
MenuItem *mnuitemClose = new MenuItem(S"&Close");
MenuItem *mnuitemSave = new MenuItem(S"&Save");
// Add the two new menu items to the MenuItems collection of the
// top-level menu item cloned above, using the Add method to
// specify their order within the collection by their index.
mmFileLoadedMenu->MenuItems->Item[0]->MenuItems->Add(2,
mnuitemClose);
mmFileLoadedMenu->MenuItems->Item[0]->MenuItems->Add(3,
mnuitemSave);
// Assign the newly created MainMenu object to the form.
this->Menu = mmFileLoadedMenu;
}
2. Add a line of code to the Form1 constructor, after the InitializeComponent method call, to call the AppStartMenu method created previously:
3. ' Visual Basic
4. AppStartMenu()
5.
6. // C#
7. AppStartMenu();
8.
9. // C++
AppStartMenu();
10. Create an event handler within the class to switch the form's menu property to FileLoadedMenu.
Instead of loading a file, the following code opens a message box to indicate a change in application state. For details, see MessageBox Class. The code then calls the AppStartMenu method that was written above, which creates the second MainMenu object and sets it to be the form's menu.
' Visual Basic
Protected Sub MenuSelect(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.", "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.")
FileLoadedMenu()
End Sub
// C#
protected void MenuSelect(Object sender, System.EventArgs e){
MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.",
"Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
FileLoadedMenu();
}
// C++
protected:
System::Void MenuSelect(System::Object * sender,
System::EventArgs * e)
{
MessageBox::Show("A file has been opened.",
"Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
FileLoadedMenu();
}
• Debug the application and press F5 to run it. For details about debugging, see Debugging Basics.
The form has a menu that contains File, New, Open, and Exit menu items. Clicking New or Open raises an event, which is handled by the MenuSelect event handler. This method shows a MessageBox and changes the application state. The application state change is indicated by the addition of two menu items, Close and Save.
From the Microsoft site.
To create the second set of menus
1. In a second method, create a second instance of a MainMenu component with MenuItems that correspond to a second application state.
For example, after the user has opened a file, you can expose commands to close it and save it. You can copy the original menu structure to use as a base for this menu structure, and to preserve the File, New, Open, and Exit menu items. For details, see Copying Items on Windows Forms Menus.
' Visual Basic
' Create the second MainMain object.
Private mmFileLoadedMenu As MainMenu
Public Sub FileLoadedMenu()
mmFileLoadedMenu = New MainMenu()
' Clone the first menu with the CloneMenu method.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems.Add(miFile.CloneMenu())
' Create two additional menu items related to the
' application state.
Dim mnuitemClose As New MenuItem("&Close")
Dim mnuitemSave As New MenuItem("&Save")
' Add the two new menu items to the MenuItems collection of the
' top-level menu item cloned above, using the Add method to
' specify their order within the collection by their index.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems(0).MenuItems.Add((2), mnuitemClose)
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems(0).MenuItems.Add((3), mnuitemSave)
' Assign the newly-created MainMenu object to the form.
Me.Menu = mmFileLoadedMenu
End Sub
// C#
// Create the second MainMain object.
private MainMenu mmFileLoadedMenu;
private void FileLoadedMenu(){
mmFileLoadedMenu = new MainMenu();
// Clone the first menu with the CloneMenu method.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems.Add(miFile.CloneMenu());
// Create two additional menu items related to the
// application state.
MenuItem mnuitemClose = new MenuItem("&Close");
MenuItem mnuitemSave = new MenuItem("&Save");
// Add the two new menu items to the MenuItems collection of the
// top-level menu item cloned above, using the Add method to
// specify their order within the collection by their index.
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems[0].MenuItems.Add(2, mnuitemClose);
mmFileLoadedMenu.MenuItems[0].MenuItems.Add(3, mnuitemSave);
// Assign the newly-created MainMenu object to the form.
Menu = mmFileLoadedMenu;
}
// C++
// Create the second MainMenu object.
private: System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu * mmFileLoadedMenu;
private:
System::Void FileLoadedMenu()
{
mmFileLoadedMenu = new System::Windows::Forms::MainMenu();
// Clone the first menu with the CloneMenu method.
mmFileLoadedMenu->MenuItems->Add(miFile->CloneMenu());
// Create two additional menu items related to the
// application state.
MenuItem *mnuitemClose = new MenuItem(S"&Close");
MenuItem *mnuitemSave = new MenuItem(S"&Save");
// Add the two new menu items to the MenuItems collection of the
// top-level menu item cloned above, using the Add method to
// specify their order within the collection by their index.
mmFileLoadedMenu->MenuItems->Item[0]->MenuItems->Add(2,
mnuitemClose);
mmFileLoadedMenu->MenuItems->Item[0]->MenuItems->Add(3,
mnuitemSave);
// Assign the newly created MainMenu object to the form.
this->Menu = mmFileLoadedMenu;
}
2. Add a line of code to the Form1 constructor, after the InitializeComponent method call, to call the AppStartMenu method created previously:
3. ' Visual Basic
4. AppStartMenu()
5.
6. // C#
7. AppStartMenu();
8.
9. // C++
AppStartMenu();
10. Create an event handler within the class to switch the form's menu property to FileLoadedMenu.
Instead of loading a file, the following code opens a message box to indicate a change in application state. For details, see MessageBox Class. The code then calls the AppStartMenu method that was written above, which creates the second MainMenu object and sets it to be the form's menu.
' Visual Basic
Protected Sub MenuSelect(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.", "Instead of a new file, here's a message box.")
FileLoadedMenu()
End Sub
// C#
protected void MenuSelect(Object sender, System.EventArgs e){
MessageBox.Show("A file has been opened.",
"Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
FileLoadedMenu();
}
// C++
protected:
System::Void MenuSelect(System::Object * sender,
System::EventArgs * e)
{
MessageBox::Show("A file has been opened.",
"Instead of a new file, here's a message box.");
FileLoadedMenu();
}
dragon2309
P.I Dragon
Ok, i was thinking something a bit more simple than that, but thanks for your time and effort put into that massive post. It confused the hell outta me i must say. Damn A-Level Coursework why did it have to be C++ when it could easily have meen SQL or something easy like that. 
houssam_ballout
New Member
anyway, with the simplicity nowadays with programming it could be easily to learn to any language, so if u start with simple tutorial and example --> then u will be a good one