Sandy-32nm architecture used by the i5 2500k and i7 2600k and similar processors.
Ivy-22nm architecure used by the i5 3570k and i7 3770k, it is slightly upgraded sandy bridge design shrunk down to a smaller size to provide better power efficiency.
22nm-22 nano meters, size of the lines and stuff inside the processors die.
Haswell-older version of i series processors, think it was the predecessor to sandy, its just not as powerfull as sandy
Hyperthreading-used by the i3 to simulate 4 cores instead of 2 and i7 to make 8 out of 4 (some sim. 12 from 6). The processor is faster than the pins it uses to recieve information allow it to run so they simulate a second core so it recieves more information and is better utilized, currently it provides approximately a 30% performance increase when they are used, but it is only used if the program is coded to use the 8 cores for i7 or 4 for i3