Welcome to the forum!
A power surge is a side-effect of AC power. AC stands for alternating current (as opposed to DC, direct current). You see, AC power can travel long distances, however, it suffers "surges" and "sags."
As seen in this picture, (AC shown in green) AC power is rather unstable and potentially dangerous.
A "power pack" as you called it, properly named an AC to DC converter, converts the AC power from your wall jack into DC power that a computer can use. Using the wrong converter can channel excess amounts of electricity into a computer component, possibly shorting out any fragile circuits inside.
It's not possible for you to have a fried hard drive because of a power surge, surges are out of your control for the most part and happen randomly. You see, 19 volts is much higher than 12 volts for components. My guess is that your hard drive is fried. You can't really do anything to fix it.
I hope I answered your question.