Generally you won't see any large difference between two drives made by the same company while there may something more noticable between two brands. If you have a small supply trying to handle a number of additional devices you might notice that more there then at any other time if the supply itself is not so good. Despite the variety of sizes they usually draw amount the same amount.
In theory, bigger hard drives are faster because the bits are closer together (assuming drives with an equal number of platters). You wont see very much difference, maybe a little in benchmarks. The bigger difference is in perpendicular recording.
The fastest drive available now is the Western Digital Raptor series. Those run at 10,000rpm compared to other Sata and ide alike that run at 7,200rpm. Seagate has the largest sata type at 750gb. WD's now has a 500gb model. Those also run at 7,200rpm. Personally I would be going with a pair of the 500gb drives for storing large files and folders that are overloaded with smaller ones. That alone would be adding almost 1tb not gb to the system.