It comes down to data transfer. On a Single Channel memory controller board you have 64 bit data bus/has 64 wires between the memory controller and the memory. On a Dual Channel board it is doubled. There are 2 64 bit data busses/has 128 wires between the Memory Controller and Memory. Can pass 2 times the amount of data.
How do you think it does it? There are 2 physical buses, usually 1 to each pair of slotsI dont know about 64/128 wires, but yeah, dual channel accesses 2 RAM sticks at the same time