well yeah internet is kinda long topic. altho it is the one i love.
Some basics.
All computers run on what is called tcp/ip. Back in dinosaur age, DCIscouts, Ian, or other dinosaur should know about them

joke

but they did not have a "real" way of talking, they had the mac protocol, the ibm etc but eventually it got standardised to tcp/ip. What tcp/ip is is the piratical on which all computers talk to each other. The ip address (192.168.1.1, 127.0.0.1, etc) are assigned because of that protocol. At the time we are in version v4 (tcp/ip V4) which is hoe we have the range 255.255.255.255 that gives us 4,228,250,625 ip addresses we can give out. However that is not enough. Soon (5+ years) we are going to tcp/ip V6 so now the ip addresses will be 255.255.255.255.255 or 192.168.1.1.1 so 5 decimal points which will allow 1,078,203,909,375 addresses to be given out.
So the ip address is like an address. lets say you send info to some company via the mail. you want to get a package. You send it to 321 east Brooklyn st. you send it to them, they look at it and then send you back what you asked for to the address you gave them. What i just said is what a computer does on the internet. You send a request to the servers ip address (take for example CF, ip address 69.16.225.146) so your computer sends for a page, the server looks at that request and sends what you requested back to your ip address in which it is displayed on the screen.
Next thing to talk about it the internet and your intranet. the internet is Everyone and everything on the internet. every computer looking at a web page from a remote location is on the internet. However if they are on via NAT (network address translation) so if your ip address on your computer is, 192.168.0.0, 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0, 172.31.0.0 your behind a NAT. but with a NAT you can have a intranet which is a internet only accessible to yourselves. right now if you are in a nat you have a intranet even if you dont know it. try going to your ip address that is on gateway in your ip settings. that is your router (creats the nat) but only you can access that from inside.
well my fingers are geting tired so i will pause here and let your eyes hurt.

i will pick up later