Typically, batteries fit in 2 categories, Normal rechargeable batteries, and deep cycle rechargeable batteries.
The life of a normal battery is measured by the number of full charges/discharges, while the life of the deep cycle batteries is measured by the number of charges/discharges from the 50% level. The 50% level is the level where the total energy stored in the battery is equal half it's total energy capacity.
Deep cycle batteries are not common in most applications, and they are used in very special ones. It's not recommended that a deep cycle battery be left to drop below the 50% level, after several times of dropping below the 50% level, the battery die.
The reason why deep cycle batteries are used is that they can provide much more higher currents than normal batteries which make them the excellent choice for electric cars, and some other applications that need high currents either during starting or during operation.