When running in native resolution, games will achieve less performance on a higher-native-resolution display.
However, gaming shouldn't be a reason to choose a lower resolution display, and having a higher resolution doesn't require you to choose a faster GPU. Games can be run in non-native resolution for increased performance when necessary, so you can run in 1366x768 resolution on a 1920x1080 display. In doing so, there will be blur, but not enough to outweigh the large difference in overall image quality between typical 15.6" 1366x768 and 15.6" 1920x1080 displays. Games will often tend to look better running on a 15.6" 1920x1080 display in 1366x768 non-native resolution than they will look running on a 15.6" 1366x768 display in 1366x768 native resolution. The same applies for 17.3" 1600x900 displays and 17.3" 1920x1080 displays.
But if the resolution of the two displays is the same, then the performance will be the same. You should also keep in mind that the XPS 15's 1920x1080 B+RGLED display is a bit better in image quality than the XPS 17's 1920x1080 display, but both are far above the stock display options.