Going right back to the start of the post you say this is a relatively new system , did you buy the rig from the shop that has been replacing all the new components you've replaced, or are you buying from another shop , you also state that the shop installed windows without problem , did you see them install , as they could just have put in a cloned drive , and not actually installed windows , which would then lead me to believe ,
1 the drive is cloned easily checked if you go into windows folder right click properties and look at date of install
2 The shop is selling bad components or used
The last BSOD refers to Hal.dll which is a system file if that is corrupt it could be a corrupt sector on the drive .
Also bear in mind if a component is new doesn't mean it is viable , To be honest if i install windows on a PC and it doesn't install after the third try its normally a defective hdd