If it is a resolution issue then you could try booting into the live desktop and then trying to install from there. Being in the live desktop will allow you to adjust your resolution and if running a nvidia or radeon graphics card you can install your proprietary graphics drivers to smooth this issue.
The issue is that either he has not input a password, which I believe unless Ubuntu installer now asks you to set up a root account like Fedora does; you
have to input a password.
@johnb35 was stating that it looks like his resolution is screwed up, which from his screenshot, suggests that the system is either being installed via some sort of display forwarding client to another pc, or a hypervisor is being used. If so, it would be the hypervisor settings, which unless he is using hyper-v (which I have not tried, so you may be right), specific VM-host drivers would exist, rather than ones for physical hardware, such as Intel, ATI, AMD or Nvidia.
Citing
this source, it seems that for Ubuntu and Kubuntu, you can press [CTRL] [ALT] [+] and [CTRL] [ALT] [-] to alter the screen resolution. HOWEVER, if the installer is just being awkward, and wont let you proceed, this could be due to the fact that the ISO you, (the OP) downloaded originally got fragmented or corrupted, or the disk writer (if you are running from a DVD) scribbled whilst burning and corrupted the disk, which would also maybe explain the issues detecting the screen.
IIRC ubuntu has a command line installer somewhere. Maybe you should try that.