Most *nix installations run from 1.5 - 4 GB depending on what you install. Obviously you can use more. More importantly, you need a root partition and a swap partition. Alternatively, you can have a partition for /boot , / , /home, /tmp, /var, and /usr and set up your fstab to mount things in a more secure way. For instance, once the system is installed, you rarely write to the /usr directory so you can mount it read only (unless installign something)...
For a basic home system to kick around, that's probably not worth the effort...
As for booting, just about any installation is going to use Grub these days, it's easier to keep right. This is the bootloader in the MBR, and it's responsible for booting the OS's on your PC. Different distros can share the swap and boot partitions as well...